In the shadow of war and blockade, Gaza's residents are forced to innovate, turning the very rubble of their destroyed homes into a makeshift cement. This is a story of resilience, ingenuity, and the dire consequences of a prolonged conflict. As Israel continues to bar the entry of essential building materials, Palestinians are left with no choice but to make do with what they have, even if it means risking their health and safety.
The process is arduous and dangerous. Workers like Ibrahim al-Aloul and Saadi al-Sha'er toil in cramped, dusty conditions, their faces covered in cement dust. They sift and grind the rubble, turning it into a fine powder that is then mixed with gypsum, calcium, and binding agents. When these ingredients are scarce, wood glue is substituted, further compromising the quality of the final product.
This makeshift cement is a far cry from the conventional variety that was once readily available. Before the war, a standard bag of cement cost 40 shekels (£4.60). Now, the same bag can cost 2,000 shekels (£506), making it unaffordable for most Palestinians.
Despite the health risks and the subpar quality, this is the only option available. Mahmoud al-Astal, a farmer, has been living in a shelter with his extended family for over two years. He considered building a greenhouse-like structure, but the cost and short lifespan deterred him. Instead, he opted for a more solid solution, using the makeshift cement to build a small, two-room house.
The limitations of this substitute cement are clear. Othman al-Awda, a builder, admits that it is not strong enough for structural use, but it works for brickwork. The October 2025 ceasefire agreement explicitly required the resumption of humanitarian aid and the entry of reconstruction materials, but the UN's humanitarian arm, OCHA, reports severe delays due to continued bans or tight controls on items like steel, cement, and heavy equipment.
Mahmoud Ubeid, a civil engineer, oversees renovation works at several sites, including al-Wafa hospital. He confirms that the makeshift cement is now the primary material for finishing work, such as plastering and tiling. However, he emphasizes that it cannot be relied upon for long-term structural use and that the quantities produced are far from sufficient to meet the needs of Gaza.
The story of Gaza's makeshift cement is a testament to the resilience of its people and their determination to rebuild their homes and lives. It is a stark reminder of the devastating impact of prolonged conflict and the urgent need for a lasting peace.
